This report presents a study led by Megan Herting of the University of Southern California, a recipient of HEI’s 2019 Walter A. Rosenblith New Investigator Award. Herting and colleagues examined whether childhood and prenatal exposure to residential outdoor fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) was associated with neurodevelopment over a 1-year period in a nationally representative cohort of children ages 9–10 in the United States.