Publications

This page is a list of publications in reverse chronological order. Please use search or the filters to browse by research areas, publication types, and content types.

Displaying 321 - 330 of 347. Show 10 | 25 | 50 | 100 results per page.

Altered Susceptibility to Viral Respiratory Infection During Short-Term Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide

Richard M Rose
Paula Pinkston
William A Skornik
1989
Research Report 24
Nitrogen Oxides

This report examined the effect of nitrogen dioxide exposure on the sensitivity of the lower respiratory tract to viral infection and reinfection. Dr. Rose and colleagues exposed mice to concentrations of nitrogen dioxide ranging from 1-10 ppm or to air prior to and after inoculation with varying doses of murine cytomegalovirus. A subset of mice was reinfected 30 days later. Infection status, macrophage phagocytic uptake, lymphocyte function, and virus-specific antibody levels were measured, and the results were compared by exposure condition.

Detection of Paracrine Factors in Oxidant Lung Injury

Keith A Tanswell
1989
Research Report 22
Ozone & Oxidants

This report addressed the hypothesis that hypertrophy of the lung after oxidant injury with ozone or oxygen is due to local generation of lung-specific growth factors. Dr. Tanswell exposed rats to either 85% oxygen, 1 ppm ozone, or air for up to two weeks while samples of plasma, lung washings, and lung tissue were periodically collected. These samples were tested for their effect on the DNA synthesis of purified populations of three major lung cell types (pneumocyte, fibroblast, and endothelial cell) in culture.

Responses of Susceptible Subpopulations to Nitrogen Dioxide

Paul E Morrow
Mark J Utell
1989
Research Report 23
Nitrogen Oxides

This report investigated changes in pulmonary function, as well as the occurrence of symptoms, in potentially susceptible human subpopulations exposed to nitrogen dioxide. Drs. Morrow and Utell exposed healthy individuals and individuals with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute respiratory infection to air or 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide. The exposure period (four hours per day for five consecutive days) included defined periods of moderate exercise and pulmonary function measurements including spirometry, airway conductance, airway reactivity, and symptoms.

Maximal Aerobic Capacity at Several Ambient Concentrations of Carbon Monoxide at Several Altitudes

Steven M Horvath
James W Agnew
Jeames A Wagner
John F Bedi
1988
Research Report 21
Carbon Monoxide

This report examined the interactive effects induced by exposure to altitude and carbon monoxide. Dr. Horvath and colleagues exposed 23 healthy young human volunteers living at sea level to concentrations of 0, 50, 100, or 150 ppm carbon monoxide in a hyperbaric chamber simulating altitudes of 55, 1,524, 2,134, or 3, 048 meters above sea level. Maximal aerobic capacity tests were performed under each exposure condition while respiratory and cardiac variables and blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin, hemoglobin, and lactate were monitored.

Modulation of Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms Against Viral and Bacterial Infections by Acute Exposures to Nitrogen Dioxide

George J Jakab
1988
Research Report 20
Nitrogen Oxides

This report investigated the influence of acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide on susceptibility to and severity of viral and bacterial infection in mice. Dr. Jakab exposed normal and immunosuppressed mice to concentrations of nitrogen dioxide ranging from 1 to 30 ppm before or after bacterial or viral challenge and measured host resistance to infection by physiologic parameters.

Potential Health Effects of Manganese in Emissions from Trap-Equipped Diesel Vehicles

Health Effects Institute
1988
Special Report
Diesel Exhaust

The use of ceramic particulate traps, in conjunction with manganese fuel additives, has been viewed as a way to reduce emissions of particulate matter from diesel-fueled vehicles. This Special Report focuses on the potential health effects from increased public exposure to manganese emissions from such use.

Factors Affecting Possible Carcinogenicity of Inhaled Nitropyrene Aerosols

Ronald K Wolff
Edward Barr
James A Bond
Arthur F Eidson
William C Griffith
Fletcher F Hahn
Jack R Harkema
Rogene F Henderson
Charles E Mitchell
Simon J Rothenberg
George M Shopp
James D Sun
1988
Research Report 19
Diesel Exhaust

This report assessed in rats the carcinogenicity of inhaled 1-nitropyrene, a compound frequently adsorbed to diesel particulate matter, and whether this effect is modified when 1-nitropyrene is associated with particles or irritant gases. Dr. Wolff and colleagues exposed rats to atmospheres containing 14C radiolabeled 1-nitropyrene alone or in combination with gallium oxide, sulfur dioxide, or both. After exposure, tissue samples were analyzed for radiolabel content to determine the tissue distribution of 1-nitropyrene and its metabolites.

Respiratory Infections in Coal Miners Exposed to Nitrogen Oxides

Michael Jacobsen
Tom A Smith
J Fintan Hurley
Alastair Robertson
Ralph Roscrow
1988
Research Report 18
Nitrogen Oxides

This report investigated the association of occupational exposure to nitrogen oxides with respiratory infections in British coal miners. Dr. Jacobsen and colleagues leveraged data from the Pneumoconiosis Field Research Study, a long-term epidemiological study of British coal miners with information for the years 1953-1978.

Studies on the Metabolism and Biological Effects of Nitropyrene and Related Nitro-polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Diploid Human Fibroblasts

Veronica M Maher
Joe Dale Patton
J Justin McCormick
1988
Research Report 17
Diesel Exhaust

This report describes a study by Dr. Maher and colleagues to investigate the biological effects of nitropyrene compounds, found in diesel emission particulate, on diploid human fibroblasts in culture in order to better evaluate potential health effects. Diploid human fibroblasts from normal individuals and individuals with a genetic predisposition to cancer were studied and compared through a series of experiments.

Metabolism and Biological Effects of Nitropyrene and Related Compounds

Charles M King
1988
Research Report 16
Diesel Exhaust

This report describes a study by Dr. King to investigate in rats the carcinogenic properties of nitropyrene and related compounds and how these compounds are metabolically activated in target tissues. Nitropyrenes and related nitroaromatics are of interest because of their ubiquity in diesel emissions and reported carcinogenicity.