The Health Effects Institute

DIESEL WORKSHOP

BUILDING A RESEARCH STRATEGY
TO IMPROVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Stone Mountain, Georgia
March 7–9, 1999

WORKSHOP GOALS

The goal of this targeted workshop is to build a research strategy to improve quantitative risk assessments of constituents of diesel engine emissions. HEI organized this workshop to provide an international forum for the exchange of information on ongoing work and research needs in the areas of emissions characterization, exposure, and health effects. The workshop agenda has been designed around a risk assessment framework in order to focus the discussion on data gaps and the research needed to support future risk assessments. The information developed by workshop participants will help HEI plan future research on the health effects of diesel engine emissions, especially in ambient settings.

PLANNING COMMITTEE

Glen Cass California Institute of Technology
Michael Lipsett California EPA, University of California at Berkeley
Philip Lorang U.S. EPA
Jonathan Samet Johns Hopkins University
Charles Poole University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Robert Sawyer University of California at Berkeley
Vanessa Vu U.S. EPA
Michael Spallek Volkswagen AG
Aaron Cohen HEI
Charles Yarborough Caterpillar, Inc.

HEI Program Coordinators: Kathleen Nauss and Diane Mundt

HEI Administrative Coordinators: Mary Stilwell and Howard Garsh

PROGRAM

SUNDAY, MARCH 7

Introductory Remarks, Kathleen Nauss, HEI

1:00 p.m. SESSION I: Risk Assessments of Diesel Emissions: Framework for Building a Research Strategy

Chair, Dan Greenbaum, HEI

Introduction
Dan Greenbaum

Overview of the Epidemiology and Toxicology Information That Supports Hazard Identification
Paolo Boffetta, International Agency for Research on Cancer

Information Gaps in Current Risk Assessments and Perspectives on Future Research Needs
Vanessa Vu, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Joe Mauderly, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute and Chairman of the EPA’s Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee

Invited Comments
William Bunn, Navistar
Janet Hathaway, National Resources Defense Council

Discussion

3:45 p.m. Break

4:00–6:00 p.m. SESSION II: Chemical and Physical Properties of Diesel Engine Emissions

Chair, Robert Sawyer, University of California, Berkeley, and HEI Research Committee

Characterization of Diesel Particulate Matter: Impact of Measurement Techniques
David Kittelson, University of Minnesota

Characterization of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emissions
Nigel Clark, West Virginia University

Characterization of Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions
Peter Kohoutek, Volkswagen AG, Germany

Changes in Diesel Engine Emissions Over the Last Two Decades
Barbara Zielinska, Desert Research Institute

Panel Discussion: What Are the Research Needs for Emissions Characterization from the Perspective of Health Research?

Panel: Lester Grant, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency;
Bert Brunekreef, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands

6:30 p.m. Reception and Dinner

After Dinner Remarks
Margo Oge, Director of Office of Mobil Sources, US EPA

MONDAY, MARCH 8

8:00 a.m. SESSION III: Assessment of Exposure to Diesel Engine Emissions

Chair, Edo Pellizzari, Research Triangle Institute and HEI Review Committee

Considerations in Assessing Exposure to Diesel Engine Emissions in Occupational and Ambient Settings
Brian Leaderer, Yale University and HEI Diesel Epidemiology Expert Panel

Comparison of Different Analytical Approaches for Measuring Constituents of Diesel Emissions in Australian Mines
Alan Rogers, OH&S, Pty. Ltd., Australia

Contributions of Diesel Engine Emissions to Ambient Particulate Matter

Measurement Methods and Atmospheric Modeling Approaches
Glen Cass, California Institute of Technology and HEI Research Committee

Northern Front Range Ambient Air Quality Study
Douglas Lawson, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Use of Models to Estimate General Population Exposures to Diesel Particulate Matter
Alison Pollack, Environ International Corporation

10:30 a.m. Break

10:45 a.m. SESSION IV: What Do Published Epidemiology Studies Tell Us About Exposure-Response?

Chair, John C. Bailar III, The University of Chicago, HEI Review Committee and Diesel Epidemiology Expert Panel Chair

Introduction
John C. Bailar, III

Organizational Framework for Evaluating Epidemiologic Data for Use in Quantitative Risk Assessment
G. Marie Swanson, Michigan State University

Discussion of Exposure-Response Analyses in Published Epidemiology Studies
Robert Sawyer, University of California, Berkeley
David Hoel, Medical University of South Carolina

Panel Findings and Recommendations
John C. Bailar, III

Questions and Discussion

12:15 p.m. Luncheon and Afternoon Break

3:00–5:30 p.m. SESSION V: What Will Epidemiology Studies Now Underway Tell Us About Exposure-Response?

Co-Chairs:
Charles Poole, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and HEI Diesel Epidemiology Expert Panel;
Gerald van Belle, University of Washington and HEI Research Committee

Diesel Exhaust and Lung Cancer Mortality in German Potash Miners

Cohort Study Design
Robert Säverin, Federal Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Germany

Exposure Assessment
Dirk Dahmann, Institute for Research on Hazardous Substances, Germany

Results
Robert Säverin

Questions and Discussion

Diesel Exhaust and Cancer in Danish Bus Drivers

Study Design and Cancer Findings
Jørgen Olsen, Danish Cancer Society, Denmark

Biomarker Results
Herman Autrup, University of Aarhus, Denmark

Questions and Discussion

New HEI Research: Feasibility Studies to Identify Cohorts and Improve Exposure Assessment—Introduction to Poster Presentations
Diane Mundt, HEI

5:45 p.m. Reception and Poster Presentations

HEI Feasibility Studies
Paolo Boffetta, International Agency for Research on Cancer, France, and John Cherrie, Institute
of Occupational Medicine, Scotland
Murray Finkelstein and David Verma, McMaster University, Canada
Eric Garshick, Channing Laboratory and Thomas Smith, Harvard School of Public Health
David Kittelson and Gurumurthy Ramachandran, University of Minnesota
Alan Gertler and John Sagebiel, Desert Research Institute
Barbara Zielinska and Eric Fujita, Desert Research Institute

7:00 p.m. Dinner

TUESDAY, MARCH 9

8:30 a.m. SESSION VI: What Will Epidemiology Studies Now Underway Tell Us About Exposure-Response? (continued)

Co-Chairs, Charles Poole and Gerald van Belle

Lung Cancer and Diesel Exhaust Among Non-Metal Miners in the United States

Cohort Study Design
Michael Attfield, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Case-Control Study Design
Debra Silverman, National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Industrial Hygiene Assessment
Dan Yereb, NIOSH

Historical Exposure Assessment
Mustafa Dosemeci, NCI

Questions and Discussion

10:30 a.m. Break

10:45 a.m. Panel and General Discussion of Epidemiology Studies Presented in Sessions V and VI

Panel: Brian Leaderer, Yale University; Roger McClellan, Chemical Industry Institute
of Toxicology; Kyle Steenland, NIOSH; Marie Swanson, Michigan State University Cancer Center;
Charles Yarborough, Caterpillar, Inc.

How Will Ongoing Epidemiology Studies Contribute to Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessments of Diesel Emissions?

What Additional Research Is Needed to Improve Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessments?

12:00 p.m. Luncheon

1:00 p.m. SESSION VII: Consideration of Health Endpoints Other Than Cancer in Future Risk Assessments of Diesel Emissions

Chair, Michael Lipsett, California Environmental Protection Agency and University of California, Berkeley

Introduction
Michael Lipsett

Presentations of Ongoing Research

Environmental Diesel Exhaust Exposure and Respiratory Health of Children in The Netherlands
Bert Brunekreef, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands

Inflammatory Effects of Diesel Emissions on Human Airways
Thomas Sandstrom, University Hospital of Umea, Sweden

Human Allergic Responses
David Diaz-Sanchez, UCLA School of Medicine

Panel and General Discussion

Panel: Thomas Sinks, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Frank Speizer,
Harvard Medical School and HEI Research Committee; Jodi Sugerman-Brozan, Alternatives for Community and the Environment

What Health Endpoints Other than Cancer Should Be Considered for Quantitative Risk Assessment?

What Research Approaches Would Advance our Understanding of the Quantitative Relationships Between Exposure to Constituents of Diesel Emissions and Noncancer Respiratory Effects?

Closing Comments, Dan Greenbaum, HEI

4:00 p.m. Adjourn

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